Nanomaterials

Introduction.- Historical development of nanomaterials. Nanomaterials versus Bulk solids. Analogies and differences. Classification of nanomaterials
Fundamentals.- Size & Scale. Atoms, Molecules, Clusters and Supramolecules. Structure and Bonding in Nanomaterials. Hierarchical Structures. Zero-
Dimensional nanomaterials: nanoparticles. One-Dimensional nanomaterials: nanowires & nanorods. Two-Dimensional nanomaterials: Thin films and
monolayers
Properties and Size dependence of properties
Nanomaterial Synthesis (bottom-up, Top-down): Chemical routes. Electrochemical methods. Microwave synthesis, Vapor growth Thin films methods:
chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition (sputtering, laser ablation). Mechanical methods: ball milling, mechanical attrition. Sol-gel methods.
Pulsed Laser Ablation. Micromachining Methods. Special nanomaterials: carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, nanowires,
porous silicon.
Nanomaterial characterization techniques: Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy, Scanning Probe Microscopies: Atomic Force, scanning
tunneling microscopy, Diffraction and scattering techniques, Vibrational spectroscopy, Surface techniques, Thermal characterization, Electrical measurements
Applications: Nano-electronics, Nano optics, Nanoscale chemical- and bio-sensing, Biological/bio-medical applications, Photovoltaic, fuel cells, batteries
and energy-related applications, High strength nanocomposites.
Environmental and health risks associated with the use of nanomaterials